Paradox of Creative Culture – Characteristics on Freedom in Norms of Sustainable Architecture

Contemporary challenges of sustainability are the results of civilisation action. This reveals necessity of humankind creative patterns (re)evaluation and, based on latest global tendencies, reformation into new – unprecedented – ways for anthropogenic artefacts, such as architecture, development and performance. Abundance of definitions on sustainability makes the task challenging by itself, especially, by changes in context of time and space as well as technological sophistication, interdisciplinarity. Therefore, the article, first of all, puts emphasis on finding the perception of sustainable development essence. It is explained as phased cultural characteristics aligning with range of human needs for outcomes, in terms of the study, named (re)solutions. The complex methodology, by the author formulated as technique 7R, explains the possibilities of sustainable architecture creation as freedom in norms, paradoxically, thus destining precedents and standards, such as traditions, revival rather than negligence. Review of scientific literature, documents, regulations and initiatives, in the first part of the study, serves for induction of sustainability characteristics appearing in alternative fields, such as economy, politics, knowledge, in the second part – of properties of architecture inherent to typological alternatives. Applying deduction principles, study suggests the derived means for sustainable architecture attributes, other types of human-made strategies, such as regulations on architecture. Case study of architecture examples the following findings and, argued also in non-scientific sources, serves for expertise on their authors’ critical creative intentions. The results are discussed, conclusions and suggestions are made.


Introduction
The study of Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe, formulated in 2015, highlights the impact of human values on sustainable development.Accordingly, culture is suggested to be treated as equivalent domain falling into universal principles of sustainability, firstly approved by United Nations in 2005 (Sanetra-Szeliga et al., 2015).The issue, appeared as early as in 18 th century by the beginnings of industrialization, yet was revealed and already urgent to cope with applying principles of Bauhaus movement a century ago (Mindrup, 2014).Lately emerging Industry 4.0, the Forth Industry Revolution (Beltrami et al., 2021), although brings new possibilities to resolve technical functionality of sustainability, continues to deplete the Earth.As follows, for the problem of sustainable human creativity the solution is still under the search, possibly, unprecedented (United Nations, 2023), what makes the ground for this research.The focal point for examining the issue is organized through the lens of coexistence of human values and technical criteria, thus formulating hierarchical perception of priorities -goals -in the study named (re)solutions.Environmental, first and second phase culture in the publication demonstrates presence of certain generalized levels of values system.Thus, every phase of culture separately is defined as unique characteristics on creation and operation, idea, "the attitudes, behaviour, opinions, etc., of a particular group of people within society"-as Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge Dictionary, 2023) (further in the study -CD) explains the notion of culture -which is enabler of the sustainable development.The term of economy in the study is treated as generalized definition of outcome and tool, by CD means, "the system of trade and industry by which the wealth of a county is made and used", for instance, sustainable development in a form of architecture, organized and cultivated by culture.Both, culture and economy, by explanation, demonstrate engagement in interrelationship as mutual phenomenon of cause-and-effect.To clarify, each level of human needs has certain goals for creative solutions and therefore is determinant of specific culture-and-economy.
According to Brundtland Report, published in 1987, sustainable development is "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland, 1987).By universal definition, the environmental, social and economic capital are defined as equally inclusive in the mechanism and management of sustainability (United Nations, 2005), alternatively appears in form of 5P -people, planet, prosperity, peace, partnership (United Nations 2015).Cultures, such as Lithuanian, has a dual meaning of sustainable development, determining it as the merge of stable, long-lasting development for change in quality means, likely evolution, and development as growth, expansion in terms of change of quantity (Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos..., 2020).Following study investigates in deeper analysis of this dual perception -the cohesion of perpetuality and advancement -so also arguing the possibilities of sustainable development definitions to express fully-fledged perception of concept's priorities.
Due to coexistence of both -ordinariness and novelty -concept of sustainability parallels philosophy of innovations and so also emphasizes the dynamic nature of modern economic systems (Ulgen, 2013).According to political economist Joseph Alois Schumpeter, such creation of unprecedented solutions and entrepreneurship refers to creative destruction (Ziemnowicz, 2013), by Frank Ulgen explained as, "creation of new ways of doing things that endogenously destroy and replace the old ways" (Ulgen, 2013).In terms of the study possibilities of such revolutionary design is explained as freedom in norms in the frames of human needs.By definition of expert of traditional architecture of Lithuania Dalė Poudžiukienė, "ethnic architecture […] is absent of innovations, relay on traditions passed from generation to generation, cherish local sense of harmony, evolves in ordinary building manner" (Puodžiukienė, 2014).The paper expertise such controversy to reveal specific goals of sustainable design, which are accomplished inevitably for the most effective -individual -solution.
The results of the study are dedicated to formulation of leveled three-dimensional methodology of sustainable architecture creation universally applicable for evaluation.To achieve it, the research consists of two parts.First part is examination of universal domains of sustainable development and how architecture engages in the concept.Second part is the research of architecture sustainability characteristics in typological alternatives.Findings are compared and paralleled with other authors sustainability studies, examined in correlation with good practice of architecture case study, discussed, conclusions and suggestions are given.

Methods
The study includes scientific and non-scientific sources.Scientific -literature, documents, regulations and initiatives -form the fundamental knowledge on laws of philosophy of sustainable development, shared in scientific databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, official national and international organizations databases, such as Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas (Eng.Parliament of the Respublika of Lithuania -Seimas), Kultūros vertybių registras (KVR) (Eng.Cultural heritage register) (Kultūros vertybių registras, 2023), European Commission, encyclopedias, dictionaries, such as Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge Dictionary, 2023).Non-scientific sources -books and journals on architecture publicity, such as Archdaily, creators' portfolio, art and design galleries -serves as tools for detection and experimental study of cases in practice.These critical sources also interpret survey on authors motives on creatures to acknowledge creativity of unprecedented sustainability stage.
Expertise and formulation of essential characteristics of concept of sustainable development is based on diverse alternative logics applying induction and deduction principles (Groat andWang, 2013, Kandelis, 2017).Theoretical hypothesis on quality of characteristics, range of universal principles of sustainability and on specific attributes of architecture is organised applying review of scientific sources.Formulation of derivatives for new objects, such as applying hypothesis to field of architecture, demonstrates safe scientific prediction (Groat and Wang, 2013) of results.As follows, sustainable architecture creation-evaluation methodology is logical prediction -unprecedented formant itself -illustrated in schemes.

Concept of sustainability and phases of cultural creativity
Concept of sustainability is constant logic of synergy of no less than tree domains despite the context for application.Such division is based on types of involved capital and, accordingly, determines hierarchy of priorities for development organisation.Economist Herman Edward Daly in triangle from means to ends defines levels from science and technology, followed by political economy, to, ultimately, theology and ethics (Meadows, 1998).In terms of knowledge, philosopher and social theorist Jürgen Habermas, parallel levels so: empirical-analytic and historical-hermeneutic sciences are determined as fundamental, i.e., Sciences and Technology as Ideology, which are followed by Knowledge and Human Interest in freedom and autonomy -emancipatory (Cherem, 2023).Every stage is of anthropologically deep-seated constitution, ground levels, accordingly, act as diverse nature environments of laws, only the top most domain is of individual nature -"open to Other materiality" (Čičelis, 2013: 103), "unfinished" (Cherem, 2023) or simply else (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 1
The gradation of types of capital -laws and else nature -in sustainable development Fig. 2 Sustainable architecture constituents in correlation with logics by J.

Methodological Framework Study and Formulation
In terms of architecture, merging vocabularies of Habermas and United Nations on concept of sustainable development, the level of environment refers to theory and instruments, only beyond levels are of human-made practice (Cherem, 2023).Accordingly, both, upper, anthropogenic domains are dedicated to develop outcomes, economy, either by way of social consensus or by ideas on critical identity (see Fig. 2).None of the level can exist independently, until the lower ones are developed so demanding respect for origins likewise foundations.As follows, regulated or traditional building tendencies refers to coexistence of landscape identity and human-nature (Jan-ulytė-Bernotienė, 2015), more sophisticated forms as well as autonomy are achieved by transforming the fundamentals (Rashid and Ara, 2015).
Habermas highlights that Norms meeting Facts "posits a tension in law itself" (Cherem, 2023), therefore transformations are inevitable for sustainable development.However, there are two ways of reformation: compromising and uncompromising.Compromising on changing or forgetting features are valid for matching of similar nature of normative characteristics, for example, national and regional, ethnographic, building regulations (Šiožinytė and Antuchevičienė, 2014).Uncompromising are valid by two means.First, non-appropriate is deciding to ignore or label as 'secondary' features of diverse discourses or clusters, such as absence of service for human needs, even if facing extreme facts, such as environmental challenges (Guy and Farmer, 2001;Woodgate and Redclift, 1998: 2-24).This refers to non-negotiable necessity of holism on spectrum of sustainable development constituents.Thus, transformation appears because of solution adaptation to diverse contexts, not necessarily aims for new combination of features.Second, there is no ground for compromises for new features because precedent of norms is created which "neglects to perceive and live in reality" (Čičelis, 2013).Such statement explains attributes in parallel with innovations as well as the art.The current particularity of sustainable development is characteristic to aesthetics and therefore appearance of the norms.Although exist variety of considerations between independent and reduced function of appearance of architecture (Hansson, 2005), this study explains it being crucial to achieve features of autonomy in sustainable development.Moreover, study defines that, as practical functions "are liable to change in time" (Winters, 2007), "finding a meaning in appearance itself" (Scruton 1994) is a leading magnitude over other purposes (Shiner, 2011).In such a way quality sustainable solution refers to "good practice of architecture" (Williamson et al., 2003).
Under observed characteristics of sustainable development two mainstream tendencies of creative culture characteristics emerge: features of norms and features of freedom in norms.Accordingly, such insights refer to differentiation of notion of the culture, i.e., environmental and social of two phases (Fig. 3).To illustrate in practice, evaluation of technical features instruments, for example, sustainable building assessment systems as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREAM), Lithuanian Buildings Sustainability Assessment System, (LBSAS), are representatives of environmental culture and is the way of nonhuman nature guidance -pre-architecture sustainability strategy.
In 1992 by United Nations declared Agenda 21 (United Nations, 1992), the international strategical plan for environmental protection along with sustainable development of society, is the example of ideology to determine intellectual sustainable economy, i.e., human-nature culture.According to national situation, the document became core tool for countries, members of United Nations.Lithuania, for example, adopted such law "as ideology for long-term development of society" in 2003 by document of Nacionalinė darnaus vystymosi strategija (Eng.National sustainable development strategy) (Nacio-nalinė darnaus vystymosi…, 2003) which, accordingly, is fundamental to architecture as well.
In 2019 European Union (EU) created the economic strategy of European Green Deal and in 2021 -New European Bauhaus.Both tools are of continental level policies applicable to different anthropogenic stages of sustainable development (see Fig. 3).According to Ursula Von der Leyen, president of the European Commission, "If the European Green Deal has a soul, then it is the New European Bauhaus which has led to an explosion of creativity across our Union", -stated in official website of European Commission.Although metaphorical, the statement is accurate in describing the duality of purpose of sustainable development for freedom in norms.For the key to most effective way to "transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and completive economy", emphasis is put on beauty in means of enriching, sustainable and inclusive places, practices and experiences, what in official newsfeed declares European Commission.Such highlights align with previously uncovered insights on mission of the art and quality architecture.Characteristic assimilation of international and national documents foresees possibilities to use the EU regulatory tools as blueprints to develop national specifics on first and second phase culture.In case of Lithuania, country has prototype of similar nature in the form of Architektūros įstatymas (Eng.Statute of Architecture).Policy already links content with sustainable development features, however, yet is absent of definition what the features are (Lietuvos Respublika, 2017).

Diversity of alternative means on phases of culture exampled in economic strategies
Following the logic, other national documents falls in the concepts of sustainability accordingly, however, such as Statybos įstatymas (Eng.Statute of Building) (Lietuvos Respublika, 1996), still lack coherence with sustainability at all, other regulations are hardly compatible with each other even at the local levels (Nacionalinė darnaus vystymosi…, 2011).
To illustrate the correlation between levels of sustainability and phases of culture, three cases of creatures from Lithuanian context are analyzed (see Fig. 4).Case A is for human needs of recreation adapted piece of the present site of Žalieji Ežerai (Eng.Green Lakes) landscape reservation in Vilnius.It is natural environment, the source of material and knowledge applicable for instruments development as well as techniques for performance.Quality sustainable solutions, technically, mean no less then absolute alignment with the patterns of the nature or doing it better (Akhimien et al., 2020).In such terms, Environmental Culture (EC) are technical properties of building, accordingly, solution of healthy and secure -ensuring basic living creatures needsspace for humankind in terms of values.From artistic point of view, the site of Žalieji Ežerai is source of inspiration and creative ideas in variety of playful manners on cast of sun and shadows, colors, shapes and materiality (see  Case B -st. Jurgis church in Kėdainiai built by unknown, constructed in 15 th century -is primitive example of architectural solutions of Lithuanian culture, standard in similar way to other cultures, for instance, North of Germany, as specifics of global Gothic tendencies.Overbaked clay brick is illustration of reuse of originally waste or leftover as it naturally appears over process of the production.Even crashed pieces of bricks were put in concrete to technically strengthen the wall, sometimes overbaked bricks were imitated by colouring (Minkevičius, 1988).Bricklaying in ornament is universal, similar rhombus, zigzags, other shapes and combinations, as used in st.Jurgis church, is also standard, inherent to numerous walls of public as well as private dwellings.This is example of first phase culture (1PC) (see Fig. 4 case B) creative tendencies, traditional.In terms of human needs, the solution demonstrates acquired capabilities to interpret signs and laws of nature due to believes, social consensus and belonging.As solution technically, i.e., example of circular economy, illustrates basic values of intellectual kin.
Case C -st. Anne church designed by unknown, built in 17 th century in Vilnius -is another example of rich roots of Lithuanian traditions and the second phase culture (2PC) (see Fig. 4 case C).Facade of the st.Anne's church is the masterpiece of three-dimensional ornamentation of asymmetric rhombus, zigzags and other forms, thus organic in manner and in cast of sun and shadow similar to case A. Appearance of the building also reminds of silhouettes of queen of Lithuania Barbora Barvilaitė, crown, Columns of Gediminas or Pillars of Gediminas, Grand Duce of Lithuania.These are attributes of building resilience of national identity (Reklaitė, 2015).However, the perception of build-in symbolism may vary dependent on individual attitude, season of the year and other factors so determining timeless integration in diverse physical and intellectual contexts.From 1995, the church of st.Anne (KVR unique object code 17308), as well as st.Jurgis church (KVR unique object code 978) from 1992, is officially objects of Lithuanian Cultural Heritage and examples of innovation of both: technology and art.As unique way of cohesion of tradition and Gothic building technique and materials the churches are precedents for even more sophisticated forms in future -new norms.After so many ages church of st.Anne still remains autonomy representative, iconic, signature architecture.In terms of values, it is demonstration of individual solution to engage in beyond one-self realities, resolve standard possibilities to perceive the space.
All cases -A, B, C -are representatives of Lithuanian local landscape and human-nature coexistence, share universal technical patterns.However, every of the creatures demonstrate specific appearance and applied methodologies to echo the laws of nature, pragmatism and artistic motives, i.e., human needs.

Characteristics of the culture: typological alternatives of attributes of sustainability
Following the framework of in previous chapter uncovered characteristics of the levels of sustainable culture, purpose of this stage is to explore if / how the tendencies appears in alternatives of architecture.The similar studies of other authors, such as Simon Guy and Graham Farmer (2001), suggest that by attributes of sustainability, architectural solutions distinguish oneself in six types: eco-technic, eco-centric, eco-aesthetic, eco-cultural, eco-medical and eco-social.The study in case of this article is of opposite manner, i.e., under pool of different attributes of architectural types seeks of crystalizing basic criteria appropriate specifically to notion of culture.Found and studied no less than in seven scientific sources six types of architecture, i.e., vernacular, green, biotechnological, autonomous, resilient and adaptive, are put under experiment.First overview of properties, suggested six clusters of similar characteristics: vitality, systematicity, adaptation, optimization, resilience and values.Such attributes for chosen classification are universally inherent to sustainable development in alternative fields, such as urban (Liu et al., 2021;Linghua et al., 2022) or space (Olson, 2018) design and politics, education (Wells and Claxton, 2008), innovative technologies (Ray and Shaw, 2022).First five groups of characteristics originally are determined as representatives of environmental-technical features, values exclusively are social features; criteria are illustrated in unprecedented cases in Fig. 5.In the study these characteristics are exposed as formulations of derived versions of seven core elements, further named technique 7R, of sustainability, applicable in architecture and appearing specifically in alternative types of architecture.Raising -the purpose of feature is to support life.As derivative of vitality, "the power or ability to continue in existance, live, or grow" (Collins Dictionary, 2023) (for further definitions in this part of the study see reference of Cambridge Dictionary if citation is not specified), raising is more convenient for contemporary sustainable development in terms of attempt "to lift something to a higher position".Modern philosophy of upcycle (McDonough and Braungart, 2013) is relevant example to this notion.According to authors under study of traditional and / or vernacular building specifics, raising reveals by use of local capital, i.e., landscape materials, masters, techniques, which are evolving likewise nature.Green energy, such as wind, sun, water, and materials are determinants of life supporting properties of green architecture; compared to vernacular, use surrogates, not necessarily in-situ.Biomaterials and biocomponents used for biotechnology share similar characteristics of rising with other eco-typologies, however, are extremely sensitive to environment, necessarily are bio-natural.Properties of autonomous technologies, in general, are representatives of regeneration in terms of "reduce, reuse, recycle" (Akhimien et al., 2020), inclusive in, for instance, green techniques.To illustrate, according to architect Kengo Kuma, contemporary sustainable architecture should focus on solving challenges where all tools -synthetic and naturalare acceptable if effective (Kuma, 2011).Recycled plastic bottles for light-pass-through walls is in autonomous way reorganized traditional Japanese building technique invented for living house of Même Meadows (see Fig. 5) in Hirogun, Hokkaido, Japan, completed in 2011, by the author together with Takumi Saikawa (McDonald, 2015).In terms of resilient architecture life supporting patterns are defined as universal characteristics of recoverability of structures in social, technical, organizational and economic levels.Raising of adaptive solutions is perceived as universal feature in terms of technology to imitate behavior of live organism by responsiveness to environmental, social, economic factors in space and over time.To conclude, raising is not necessarily the attribute of alive, natural creature, but also interpretation of it in variety of forms, means and fields.
Reaction.Relying on contemporary goals of sustainability, such as effect on climate, architecture is either active or passive (re)actor.Therefore, arguing the universal attribute of systematicity, separate parts reactively engage.The CD explains the notion of reaction as "behaviour, a feeling or action that is a direct result of something else".To prove, perception of systematicity in cognitive architecture, given by Steven Philips and William H. Wilson (2016), is formulated so: "the basic processes and modes of composition that together afford cognitive capacity […].Systematicity is generally considered to involve a capacity to represent/ process common structural relations among the equivalently cognizable entities".To simplify, systemic -"relating to or involving a whole system" -is holistic approach on purpose of synergy.For example, vernacular architecture, activates holism by accurate integrity of all phases of the cycles, such as time of the day, seasons of the year, and is multidisciplinary, i.e., interconnecting concepts and methodologies, such as of geography, art history, anthropology, archeology, landscape architecture.In terms of reaction every part -phase -inevitably adds uniqueness to shaping outcome and, accordingly, gives feedback to creator and user, landscape and universe.As green architecture focuses on maintaining healthy environmental patterns for both Planet and human, reaction is created over technical performance of the building.Biotechnological solutions, form viewpoint of ecology, is specific sort of green solutions; both types are pure technical instruments unless react with / respond to human needs for development of economy.To illustrate, Silk Pavilion (see Fig. 5), designed by research group of Markus Kayser et al. at Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States, in 2013, is examined.It is a dome-shape biotechnological artistic installation and manifest of creativity to quality co-living with inhabitants -silk worms -applying "sustainable and humane methods for harvesting, spinning and weaving silk-based products and structures", -as explains co-author Prof. Neri Oxman in his portfolio.Autonomous type architecture, for instance, applies technologies of closed loop systems for heating and cooling, Net Zero solutions, what, in general, is the most effective way of reaction between involved.Resilient solutions, in general, mean inclusiveness of diverse states of formation; adaptative -relationship between cause-and-effect in terms of solution-fitting-purpose, predictable reaction, not accidental happening.To conclude, reaction is conscious involvement of all constituents, inseparable to determine success of the sustainable goal.
Rightness.In terms of sustainability only non to positive impact matters, accordingly, everything of less quality, such as "doing more good and less bad" (McDonough and Braungard, 2013), is out of considerations.As follows, universal attribute of adaptation, "the process of changing to suit different conditions", does not ensure the condition.Rightness or simply right, therefore, in means of "the state of being morally or legally correct", is sustainable characteristic's derived version of original, more accurate.Vernacular architecture is right to suit to indigenous and traditional contexts, accordingly, resulting repetitive processes as well as solutions.Green architecture, as individual type, is modern, relatively new, version of vernacular technical particularities, free to suit right in various contexts, reflect diverse social attitudes as well as engage in vast spectrum of levels of sophistication.For example, Hair Spikes Cattail Turkeyfoot (see Fig. 5) by WH Vivian Lee, located in Matthaei Botanical Gardens, Michigan, United Stated in 2011, is design and assembly of a temporary thatch pavilion as experimentation on digital technologies.It is solution "that redefines the construction set as a sequence of operations rather than an illustration of finished assemblies", -describes Journal of Architizer in 2011.The creature is hybrid of traditional roof construction technology, inherent to such countries as England or Lithuania, and of greenenvironmental -features.Such innovation suit more right in present contexts than its separate parts alone in typical ways.Biotechnology is one of the most novel building tools, still emerging, experimental field, therefore, itself is former of rightness in present contexts and changes in traditional economy.Autonomous buildings technologically are sensitively aligning with location and climate likely indigenous, in such a way is embodiment of smart, intellectual attempts to mimic and engage in right qualities of nature.Performance of such creatures is molded by: shape, materiality and position of the building; maximal use of mental and minimal use of physical capital.Resilient structures are characteristic in capabilities of maintenance of constitution, for example, national identity, meanwhile admitting and integral in contextual changes.To illustrate, in Doha Tower, designed by Jean Nouvel, built in Doha, Quatar, during 2007-2013, traditional symbolism of Islam became pattern for sun blockers in façade of building.Shape of building thus embodies modern interpretation of hijab, traditional Muslim head covering, right monumental of identity, as described by Karen Cilento in journal of Archdaily, in 2010, and in multiple other prints, such as documentary collections of case of architecture in series by Philip Jodidio (2015).Adaptive solutions demonstrate tolerance to diversity and gradual change, such as, development in stages, eventually rethinking use of most effective tools and strategies for creation process rightness.To conclude, rightness of the solution is ability to suit in various -specific, diverse and / or changingcontexts by matching or heightening the quality between creature and surroundings.
Rationalization.Universal sustainable development attribute of optimization -"the act of making something as good as possible" in original terms is of environmental nature.Biologist Janine Benyus specify, optimal means calibrated to use only what and how is needed (Benyus, 2002).Due to this study specifics primarily based on human needs, Author suggests to use the notion of rationalization which manifests characteristic links with intellectual goals: "an attempt to find reasons for behaviour, decisions, etc.".However, rationalization in such case is determinant of ability to manage laws of nature to serve humanity, not excuse for ignorance or disrespect toward them.To illustrate, vernacular architecture is typical solutions, precisely developed under long-term practice of trial and error, so selecting only most effective techniques as rational.Green solutions precisely follow laws of nature.Biotechnological design is prototypical, creative attempts to evolve and rationalize industrial processes, building materials, as well as techniques of environmental self-(re)creation.To illustrate, to balance deficiency of oxygen and surplus of carbon dioxide is task for air-purifying micro-algae AirBubble, created by, Claudia Pasquero and Marco Poletto (eco-LogicStudio).The artificial machine is demonstrated in Glasgow Science Centre, Scotland, United Kingdom, in 2021 and described in portfolio of the authors'.The effectiveness of the solution also lies in joyful method to activate mechanism -is the way of recreation for children and adults.Autonomous architecture, for example, is representative of avoidance of surplus, i.e., uses only what and how much resources produces, in such way is not dependent on government or communal supply systems.Alternatively, therefore, called self-sufficient, such systems cost more to develop and integrate, however in long term solutions pays off.Resilient solutions are safety guaranteeing, pre-assessing phenomena, such as flooding, tsunami or other type of disasters -physical as well as mental -what determines the most rational form of architecture, development strategies, such as movement of Metabolism.To illustrate, resilient development, case of Cardboard Cathedral, designed by Shigeru Bau, in Christchurch, in 2013, is examined.Construction is built from lowcost recyclable carton tubes what is non-traditional to monumental building.However, therefore construction prevents humans from catastrophic consequences of earthquakes typical in the region as explained by Karissa Rosenfield in journal of Archdaily in 2013.The most rational form of adaptive solutions appears in features of hybridity -complexity of functions as well as ability of changes in color, texture, quality of physical shape.To illustrate, AUTHOS.ch and Stella Speziali present unique spatial intervention at Zurich Design Biennale 2021."Using mist as an intangible, ephemeral material, their immersive 'structure' -called NEBULOSUS (see Fig. 5) -provides an ultra-sensory, spatial boundary-exploring experience for visitors" is explained in journal of Archello.It demonstrates bionic features in vapor cloud transforming into digital phenomenon.To conclude, rationalization is the principle of creating balance between involved parts, however hierarchy of priorities exist, such as human follows nature as fundamental.
Revival.Originally attribute of resilience is "the ability of a substance to return to its usual shape after being bent, stretched, or pressed" or, to simplify, the ability of the architecture to restore and maintain the status quo.However, in terms of creativity, what examples epoch of Renaissance, discussed characteristics draws perception of interpreted revival.Vernacular or rural architecture is resistant rather than flexible to global issues, other external factors.For example, even cultures that are relative, such as Aukštaitija, Dzūkija, Žemaitija in Lithuania, each is rich in exclusively unique system of symbolic forms appropriate to particular nation identity.In terms of revival, every craftsman determines individual manner in expression of constants, repetition destines perfection, i.e., rise of quality of sustained framework.By using exclusive methods, such as bacteria to turn the sand into millstone, as in case of Dunes by Magnus Larson (2010), traditional building [underground] technique is radically transformed, revives way beyond limits of norms.Green solution, to illustrate revival, is implement to maintain steady-state of the Planet and, based on latest human seeks, accelerate restoration to regeneration processes (Brown et al., 2018).In such case green solution are technologies, such as newspaper wood -innovative building material of recycled newspapers managed by NewspaperWood Holding BV -or titanium dioxide, i.e., 'smog-eating' material presented by Jon Astbury in journal of Dezeen in 2022.Biotechnological architecture is alternative strategy to reduce consumerism of traditional building materials and this way revive the environment.Method for self-sufficiency of autonomous structure is to ensure supply of capital.To illustrate, autonomous building saves, accumulates recourses, such as collecting and storing energy which is used during night or wintertime.Resilience of architecture is alternative attribute in human-nature what Meagan Shand parallels with principles of environmental ecology.Process of creation of the art, creative experiences, in general, recovers body and mind (Shand, 2014).To ensure community revival, for example, is task for Lumen, artistic-technical solution for energy harvesting by Jenny Sabin Studio.It protects visitors from overheat at daytime transforming-reviving at night into illuminator of the site, as is described by Kim Megson, in 2017, in journal of CLADnews.Revival of adaptive solutions is achieved in touch with stimulus in variety of forms: internal, external, mental, such as individual needs, opportunities, or economic imperatives, physical, such as temperature, humidity, sound, radiation, bionic organisms, including humans.To illustrate, How Wine Became Modern (see Fig. 5) was commissioned by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art by Diller Scofidio + Renfro and exhibited in the museum in 2010.In such case, "a "smell wall" that allows visitors to inhale from flasks of wine" -as explained in authors official portfolio -was the contemporary solution of sensority achieved and recreated every time only via human and technology interaction.To conclude, revival is capacity to regain characteristics / solve challenges in new framework and / or quality.(Inglehart et al., 1998).This is expanded range of American psychologist's Abraham Harold Maslow's model of hierarchy of human needs, formulated in 1943 (Bergman, 2012).In this study, diverse nature categories of human needs are treated as alternatives to domains, researched in first part of the publication.However, what this case specifies, domains: 1) may be divided into minor steps; 2) are conditional in diverse contexts, and, as follows, by creativity motives, in terms of this study, named (re)solutions.Vernacular architecture in shapes, materiality and symbolism embodies the system of traditional habits and perception on life and living.So, it is representative of 1PC -universal to specific communal, social-nature solutions.Green architecture is embodiment of environmentalism which "seeks to protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities" -as explained in Encyclopaedia Britannica -over political, economic and social organization models.Accordingly, green solutions are demonstration of EC, based on universal to specific laws of nature.Biotechnological architecture shares similar to green solutions system of values -EC, focusing specifically on respecting and cultivating biodiversity.Relations with living organisms and parts of it demands expanded system of norms on morality.For example, artistic solution I promised you the sea by Lorie Ballage, exposed in 2016 in Norway, include nail, hair and skin particles, as explained in official portfolio of the author.The artist Lilibeth Cuenca Rasmussen in Nikolaj Kunsthal, Copenhagen, 2014, organized live performance of Being Human Being (see Fig. 5) where the author herself became live component of masterpiece and present the work in her official portfolio.Both examples are illustrations of respect for norms of EC, however, treating it as pure instrument, applied to form critical solution.In such a way biotechnology is destined to level up beyond social standards (1PC), creates appearance of new materiality -2PC.Autonomic architecture demonstrates independence, democracy, as core principle of belief system what is manifestation of 2PC; if in terms of pure technological pattern, non-architectural features, autonomic solution is creature of EC.To add, Christian Kerez, describing project of Incidental space of Swiss pavilion at Venice Biennale, at 15th architecture exhibition, explains "autonomy is not to be understood as the self-referential l'art pour l'art, but as a protected opportunity for deviance, a pre-requisite for the success of new forms of socialbility in a highly technologicalized world of such complexity that no one can have a sole overview anymore", -as formulated by Natasha Kwok, in 2016, and published in journal of Designboom.This example also points importance of time factor, which, brings change in priorities for values in everyday and political organizations (Jankevičienė, 1994), accordingly, for tendencies of typology of architecture to emerge or extinct.Resilient architecture is focused on solving safety and reliability issues along with integral methods and tools.Adaptive architecture is representative of diversity likewise attribute of ecosystem, organic community, engine of change, life and living, socialization.Technically resilient and adaptive patterns originate in EC, but in correlation with higher human needs, applicable in 1PC as well as 2PC.To conclude, system of values -(re)solutions -is pivotal factor to determine way of use and appearance of other sustainable development characteristics which, from technical perspective, all before discussed (raising, reaction, rightness, rationalization, revival, i.e., 5R), by default originates in level of EC.

Results: criteria range and particularities of technique 7R
Experiment on clustering characteristics of typological alternatives of architecture proves the hypothesis that each phase of culture corelates with attributes on certain motives for creation of solution, i.e. (re)solutions.Despite typology, every case of architecture has unlabeled range of technical criteria: raising, reaction, rightness, rationalization, revival, i.e., 5R.As follows, technical criteria 5R are characteristic to every type of (re)solution, which changes depending on space and time context, by the Author suggested to name relevant time-space (Rst*).These are treated as three dimensions of technique 7R illustrated in Fig. 6.According to the nature of every phase of culture, Author suggests EC to name, accordingly, destining building, 1PC and 2PC -architectural solutions.Following the logics of intellectual steps, minor levels of the model for definable laws sorts so: specific under universal; laws of freedom follow opposite direction.Based on case study of architecture, precedent (P) is the representative of 1PC, unprecedented (UP) -2PC.Under logics on laws reorganization, 1PC is technical buildings UP.

Fig. 6
Creation-evaluation methodology of precedent building (EC -using laws of nature), architecture (1PC -reusing laws of nature), unprecedented architecture (2PCrethinking laws of human-nature) In parallel with study of S. Guy and G. Farmer, this experiment highlights importance of sustainable development social criteria hierarchy undetected in authors' study.This form radical architecture shift in possibilities on how to act in the role of (re)former rather than only follower of human needs.

Conclusions, discussion and suggestions
The notions on sustainable development, defined diversely in scientific and documentary sources, do not match: prioritizes either social or technical parameters, the criteria of time is marginally highlighted.As follows, none of the sources present fully-fledged perception on essence of sustainable development, although urges, is absent of the explanation on precedential and unprecedented creation models.As follows, the technique 7R, formulated in the study, is the precedent itself.
The study treats human values, i.e., levels of (re)solutions, as parallel to domains of sustainability.So, every model of sustainability is universal range of values.In terms of three-dimensional methodology, social criteria represent first dimension.Creation motives destine either precedent or unprecedented solution which appearance matters.Due to phenomenon of culture-and-economy, in other words, goal-and-tool, every phase of culture universally includes all domains in instrumental means, in case of the study, uncovered as range of 5R (second dimension).Such double inclusiveness of sustainable development principles is representative of double universality of the philosophy constituent parts.Each case is characteristic to unique context, in terms of the study, named relevant time-space (third dimension -Rst*).
Concept of sustainable development, as strict set of rules, in the publication uncovered as the universal tool to be used in alternative fields.Evaluation of the level of sustainable architecture, allow to determine if development is: 1) solution for steady-state of environment (EC); 2) resolution of environmental performance (1PC); 3) resolution in cause of environmental performance (mentality) (2PC).Such findings are addressed to educational (Ada, 2020) and regulatory organizations at local, national and international levels, for example, sustainable architecture competitions, sustainable building assessment systems, State Territorial Planning and Construction Inspectorate under the Ministry of Environment in Lithuania, European Commission, United Nations politics, etc.This is ground for the further researches for developing specifics for successful application of the technique 7R in such fields.
From the viewpoint of evolution, the crucial contemporary needs to overleap the gradual investments in developing and evolving standards, such as traditional architecture, are unacceptabletranslate negligence towards logics, respect for laws of hierarchy.Paradoxically, what this article uncovers, it is possible under two basic criteria of creator's capabilities: 1) structures are perceived in universal means (induction); 2) is rich in unlimited believes to apply the structures in new materiality (deduction).Such principles on thinking, in general, allows to use already existing knowledge to convert it in any other form and vice versa.This is the ultimate goal of contemporary creative culture what this paper considers as Paradox of Creative Culture -Characteristics on Freedom in Norms of Sustainable Architecture.

Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Left -fragment of Žalieji Ežerai landscape reservation (photo by Author); middle -fragment of overbaked clay brick ornament in the wall of st.Jurgis church (photo retrieved from Valdovų Rūmai official website); right -fragment of st.Anna church (photo by Author)

Fig. 5
Fig. 5Range of sustainable development attributespurposes illustrated in unprecedented cases of: top left -Même Meadows (photo by ©Kengo Kuma and Associates), top center-Silk Pavilion (photo by ©Kayser Works), top right -Hair Spikes Cattail Turkeyfoot (photo by ©Architizer), bottom left -Nebulosus (photo by ©Authos), bottom center -How Wine Became Modern (photo by ©Matthew Millman), bottom right -Being Human Being (photo by ©Liedeke Kruk)

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Re)solution.The universal sustainable development attribute under notion of values, by Oxford Learners Dictionary (2023) defined as "beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life", refers exclusively to human-nature criteria.The study of Human Values and Believes: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook, by Ronald Inglehart et al., first published in 1998, explains fifteen categories of social values (284 in total)