Assessment of Indoor Thermal Comfort Criteria and Challenges Across the African continent

Abstract

The assessment of indoor thermal comfort across Africa reveals significant challenges arising from the continent’s diverse climatic conditions, infrastructural disparities, and socio-economic limitations. The absence of unified thermal comfort standards further complicates efforts to ensure adequate indoor environments, as existing regulations vary widely between countries. While some nations reference international standards like ASHRAE and ISO, many lack locally adapted guidelines that account for regional climate variations and construction practices. This study examines the current landscape of thermal comfort standards in Africa, identifies key challenges—including increasing urbanization, rising temperatures due to climate change, and inadequate building codes—and evaluates the effectiveness of existing regulations. The findings indicate that many African buildings, particularly in low-income and informal settlements, are highly susceptible to overheating, with indoor temperatures frequently exceeding comfort thresholds. To address these challenges, this study highlights the need for climate-responsive building codes, improved policy frameworks, and enhanced professional expertise in thermal comfort assessment. Strengthening regulatory guidelines, incorporating passive cooling strategies, and promoting further research on localized thermal comfort thresholds are essential steps toward creating healthier indoor environments. A comprehensive, region-specific approach is crucial to improving indoor thermal comfort, public health, and sustainable building practices across Africa.