Evolution of Airport Terminals: Current Situation, Trends and Sustainability

Abstract

The human desire to fly has accompanied us throughout history, leaving evidence from the most ancient cultures. Leonardo da Vinci left us documents with designs for different devices that gave credence to the dream of flight. However, five hundred years passed before, on December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers successfully piloted an airplane. In just over a century, the evolution of this means of transportation, along with technological advances, has completely transformed the way humanity interacts, giving rise to the phenomenon of globalization. A prominent place in this panorama is occupied by airports, which technically are transportation hubs; symbolically, gateways to countries; and, buildings where one waits for connections between flights to any destination in the world. These unique venues have become icons of architecture and engineering. They seek to demonstrate their excellence to travelers, seeking rest and recreation amidst the rapid transit above the clouds. The research analyzes the evolution of these unique buildings, which have adapted their development and offerings to that of aircraft, their range, size, and speed. The causes and responses are highlighted. The changes introduced in the commitment to sustainability up to the current situation are also studied. Finally, trends in airport terminal design are summarized.