Form Follows Availability: Resource Scan for Sustainable Architecture in Siaya County, Kenya

Abstract

This study underscores the crucial understanding of local resource availability in circular economy models, particularly within sustainable architecture and civil engineering. The aim is to reduce waste and energy consumption and to diminish reliance on long-distance transportation, thus supporting local economic independence and resilience. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of respecting and integrating cultural heritage within architectural practices. Using a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, including literature reviews, site visits, and interviews with local stakeholders, the research focuses on Siaya County, Kenya. It examines available resources relevant to the architectural practices and climate of the Luo ethnic group. Key findings indicate that the region’s soil contains approximately 50% clay, which is essential for developing sustainable earth-building techniques. This local clay resource provides a foundation for environmentally friendly construction methods that reduce dependence on imported materials. In addition, the study identifies Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus spp., and Grevillea robusta as viable alternatives to the traditionally used Markhamia lutea timber. These species not only offer sustainable options but also enhance logistical and economic feasibility due to their local abundance. For thatching, Cymbopogon and Chrysopogon zizanioides are identified as more durable options compared to Hyparrhenia hirta, offering increased longevity and resilience in roofing materials. The study further highlights the potential of natural fibres such as Agave sisalana and sugar cane for reinforcing soil bricks, thereby enhancing the structural integrity of earth-based constructions. These findings provide sustainable and durable construction solutions that align with both local practices and resources. This research supports the integration of indigenous materials and culturally respectful architectural practices. It promotes environmentally conscious design solutions that coincide with circular economy principles, fostering cultural and environmental sustainability and promoting the resilience of local communities. By embedding these practices, the study presents a model for developing robust, locally adapted, and culturally sensitive architectural solutions that address current and future challenges in sustainable design.