The Constructional Characteristics of a Crypt’s Dome Roofing. The Case of the Katholikon of the Holy Monastery of Docheiarios, Mount Athos, Greece

Abstract

This research paper investigates the architectural and constructional characteristics of the dome roofing over the Crypt of the Katholikon (Main Church) at the Holy Monastery of Docheiarios. The study, initiated by the National Technical University of Athens and later continued by Frederick University Cyprus, focuses on the unique construction methods of the domes, particularly their erection without formwork. The Crypt, built as a fortified, concealed space above the Liti area to protect monks and relics during pirate raids, features seven compartments with domes, exhibiting three distinct vaulting variations adapted to spatial and defensive constraints. Through detailed geometric documentation and constructional analysis, the study reveals the builders’ innovative adaptations to challenges, such as concealment needs and structural stability, including the use of convex curvature and reinforced nearly-flat dome sections. The findings emphasize the necessity of preserving and carefully restoring the wooden components in any future conservation efforts, recognizing their integral contribution to the dome’s resilience and the overall architectural integrity of the Katholikon.